Low-Income Households View ZFE Restrictions as Unfair

The implementation of Low Emission Zones for mobility (ZFE-m) in 43 French metropolitan areas is increasingly criticized.

In a context of inflation and rising vehicle prices, access to eco-friendly models illustrated by ZFE-m remains out of reach for many households and businesses, amplifying feelings of injustice in the face of a transition perceived as abrupt.

Two recent studies highlight this situation in Île-de-France: Cetelem Observatory reveals that 83% of Parisians see ZFE as unfair to modest households, unable to invest in compliant vehicles. Paradoxically, 59% believe these measures are insufficient to improve air quality, while 53% think they must be implemented regardless.

The financial barrier is particularly pronounced for low-income households, heavily impacted by fixed expenses. Despite enthusiasm for social leasing of electric vehicles at €100 per month, with over 50,000 orders by early 2024, this initiative remains inadequate to meet the massive needs for fleet renewal. Additionally, half of the respondents (49%) doubt that electric vehicles truly represent technological progress, while 75% are concerned about rising electricity costs.

Pointing out the inequalities

The study conducted by BNP Paribas Mobility highlights territorial disparities, notably in the north and southeast of Greater Paris. Older vehicles, mostly concentrated in these areas, are often used by low-income households, where public transportation is less accessible.

The ban on Crit’Air 3 vehicles, effective from January 2025, affects around 440,000 private vehicles and 50,000 light commercial vehicles. This includes particularly vulnerable sectors, such as artisans and small businesses, often unable to finance an electric transition.

Faced with these challenges, BNP Paribas Mobility warns of exclusion risks and proposes support to make this transition more inclusive, mobilizing its specialized subsidiaries to provide solutions tailored to the needs of the most vulnerable households and businesses.

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